I’m particularly interested in the roles of the characters
in The Time Machine, especially the
roles of the dinner guests and the Eloi.
Much of the Time Traveller’s narrative, and consequently much of the
novel in general, is devoted to his time in the future. There he is exposed to the degradation of the
human race and the emergence of two separate species of man. The Eloi are described as beautiful, fragile,
and cherubic. They have degraded into a
species of man that is passive and idle.
Then there are the dinner guests about whom we know very little; they
lounge around while the Time Traveller recounts his tale and quickly pass it
off as nothing more than a story. They
ask very few questions and express very little interest in his adventure. The men voice more concern about how late it
has gotten and whether or not there will be any cabs to bring them home.
I think the Eloi and the dinner guests are purposefully
juxtaposed. In the dinner guests, we
begin to see the inklings of mental passivity, and in the Eloi, we see its
manifestation. Wells uses this
juxtaposition to show (or warn) his readers that we are already on track
towards the Eloi’s state of being. This passivity is even mirrored in the Time
Traveller. Upon finishing his story, he
says, “No. I cannot expect you to believe it. Take it as a lie—or a
prophecy. Say I dreamed it in the
workshop. Consider I have been
speculating upon the destinies of our race until I have hatched his
fiction. Treat my assertion of its truth
as a mere stroke of art to enhance its interest.” He so quickly concedes to the fact that no
one will believe his story and no longer tries to convince his colleagues of
his travels. He becomes passive about
facts that he knows to be true. If this
evolutionary track has already begun, is there really any escape?
Despite this prophecy about passivity, the narrator,
Hillyer, at least entertains the ideas that the Time Traveller presents and
takes a more active role. We can’t be
sure that the narrator completely believes everything that he has been told,
but we can infer that he at least believes some of it. I view the narrator as
an exception to the prophecy outlined by the Time Traveller, and I think it is
crucial to note that he describes the future as “black and blank.” Even though he has heard the tale, he has
hope for the future and refuses to believe that we can just sit back and let
things happen. The future is ours for
the taking, which is a far more active and optimistic response than anything presented
by the Time Traveller or dinner guests.
Is the narrator an exception to the prophecy of
passivity? What is his role in all of
this? Or do you think he is no more
important than the other dinner guests?
Unfortunately, my view regarding the passivity of the narrator depends upon an unanswerable question: is Wells' future mutable? Time-travel fiction usually invokes a "butterfly effect" of sorts - the idea that travel to the past or future can profoundly affect time as a whole. Ray Bradbury's short story "A Sound of Thunder" (1952) can be credited with the term "butterfly effect"; when a time traveler accidentally crushes a butterfly on a journey to the distant past, his return to the present day is marred by major differences in the "new" present. Election results, peoples' behavior, even the spellings of words are changed by the traveler's actions.
ReplyDeleteSo, is Wells' time mutable? Does the Time Traveler's journey into the year of 802,701 effect the "present day" of the narrator in any way? Will the Traveler's tale ultimately change the fate of humanity?
If Wells' future is mutable, then it ultimately does not matter what the beliefs or actions of the narrator or the other dinner guests are. The Traveler has changed the course of humanity merely by returning from his journey. If, however, Wells' time is immutable, passivity is a non-issue. What will happen will happen no matter what actions anyone takes.
The Time Traveler's actions ultimately seem to favor the immutability of time. His flight is a sign that he cannot remain in his original time, unwilling or unable to attempt to persuade the world of his adventure. If he believed that humanity's bizarre fate could be avoided, could he leave his own time, the time where he starts to see Man's devolution?